1. The capacity for sacrifice is seen as glorifying.

2. Revolution is the inevitable result of long oppression.

3. The inevitability of fate and destiny is underscored by the use of coincidence and chance.

4. Resurrection and "recall to life."

5. Characters who share the same physical resemblance (doubles) and the persons who are paired (doubles) together.

6. Imprisonment is depicted as dehumanizing, a kind of "living death."